phone Contact Us

Ozone Applications

Aircraft Water Disinfection AOP Agri-Food Processing Air Treatment Ammonia Removal From Water Aquaculture Aquatic Life Support Systems Beef (Red Meat) Processing with Ozone Biological Oxygen Demand Bottled Water Cannabis Car Wash Water Reclaim Systems Case Studies Case Studies: Force Main Treatment Case Study: Enhancing Fish Processing with Ozone Technology in Georgetown, Guyana Case Study: Ozone Water Disinfection System for Major U.S. Airline Case Study: Spice Warehouse Ozone Installation Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Removal with Ozone Clean In Place (CIP) Concrete Cooling Tower Cyanobacteria and Toxin Removal with Ozone Dairy Farms Drinking Water E.coli O157:H7 Reduction with Ozone Flour Milling Force Main Treatment Grain Treatment Groundwater Remediation Hydroponic Greenhouses Lake Remediation Laundry Listeria Inactivation with Ozone Machine Coolant Tanks Municipal Water Treatment NOx removal with Ozone Nanobubbles Odor Control with Ozone Odor Removal Oxidize Tannins from Water with Ozone Ozonated Ice & Fish Storage Ozone Applications in Mining Industry Ozone Regulations in Food Processing Ozone Regulations in Organic Food Production Ozone for Mold Elimination Ozone in Air Applications Ozone in Seafood Processing Ozone use for Post-Harvest Processing of Berries Ozone use in Wet Scrubbers Ozone-Biofiltration Plastic Adhesion Pool & Spa Pork Processing with Ozone Resolution Concerning the Use of Ozone in Food Processing Shellfish Depuration Surface Sanitation Ultra-Pure Water Vertical Farming with Ozone Waste Water Treatment Water Re-use Water Treatment Well Water Treatment

Benzene

Benzene (C6H6)is a colorless flammable liquid that can be distinguished by a sweet smell resembling that of gasoline. It is released into the air when fossil fuels such as coal, petrol, and wood are burned. In fact, benzene is commonly used in unleaded fuel as a lead substitute where it allows for smoother running.

At one time, benzene concentrations in fuel could be as high as 20%. However, due to research into its potentially harmful side-effects, concentrations have been reduced to less than 1% in most countries.

Exposure to benzene can have a variety of consequences ranging from uncomfortable to potentially fatal. In high concentrations, prolonged exposure to benzene causes leukemia and can lead to the reduction of red and white blood cells from bone marrow resulting in aplastic anemia. At lower concentrations, it causes nausea, drowsiness, confusion, tremors, and headaches and can even lead to a loss of consciousness. It is irritating to the eyes and skin.

The World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classify benzene as a group one carcinogen. Because of this, no safe level of exposure can be recommended by the WHO and no specific guidelines have been recommended. EPA has sent the maximum contaminant level for benzene in drinking water at 0.005 mg/L (or 5 ppb).

Oxidation Information

Reaction with Ozone: C6H6 + 11 O3 ---> 6CO2 + 3 H2O + 11 O2

Number of O3 molecules consumed per molecule of benzene: 5.5

Molecular weights: Ozone=78.11 Benzene=48

Grams of ozone required to fully oxidize 1 gram of benzene: 3.38

Calculation: 1 gram benzene / 78.11=0.0128024581 * 48 * 5.5 moles of ozone = 3.38 grams of ozone

In Situ Remediation

The following chart is based on data obtained from an in-situ remediation site and displays the removal of BTEX and MBTE on two separate wells.

btex removal chart