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Ozone Applications

1,4-Dioxane removal with ozone A New Formulation Based on Ozonated Sunflower Seed Oil: In Vitro Antibacterial and Safety Evaluation AOP Agri-Food Processing Air Treatment Antibacterial Activity of Ozonized Sunflower Oil, Oleozón, Against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Antifungal Activity of Olive Oil and Ozonated Olive Oil Against Candida Spp. and Saprochaete Spp. Aquaculture BTEX Remediation under Challenging Site Conditions Using In-Situ Ozone Injection and Soil Vapor Extraction Technologies: A Case Study BTEX removal with ozone Beef (Red Meat) Processing with Ozone Benzene Body Odors Bottled Water Cannabis Catalytic Ozonation of Gasoline Compounds in Model and Natural Water in the Presence of Perfluorinated Alumina Bonded Phases Clean in Place (CIP) Combined Ozone and Ultrasound for the Removal of 1,4-Dioxane from Drinking Water Concrete Cooling Tower Cost Effectiveness of Ozonation and AOPs for Aromatic Compound Removal from Water: A Preliminary Study Create your own Ozonated Oils Dairy Farms Degradation of tert-Butyl Alcohol in Dilute Aqueous Solution by an O3/UV Process Drinking Water Drinking Water Disinfection E.coli O157:H7 Reduction with Ozone Effectiveness of Ozone for Inactivation of Escherichia coli and Bacillus Cereus in Pistachios Efficiency of Ozonation and AOP for Methyl-tert-Butylether (MTBE) Removal in Waterworks Ethylbenzene Evaluation of Ozone AOP for Degradation of 1,4-Dioxane Exploring the Potential of Ozonated Oils in Dental Care Exploring the Potential of Ozonated Oils in Hair Care Fire Restoration Food Odors Force Main Treatment Germicidal Properties of Ozonated Sunflower Oil Grain Treatment Groundwater Remediation Hoof Bath Hydroponic Greenhouses In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Ozonated Sunflower Oil against Antibiotic-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis Isolated from Endodontic Infection Influence of Storage Temperature on the Composition and the Antibacterial Activity of Ozonized Sunflower Oil Insect Control in Grains Kinetic Analysis of Ozonation Degree Effect on the Physicochemical Properties of Ozonated Vegetable Oils Laundry Laundry Listeria Inactivation with Ozone MTBE removal with ozone Machine Coolant Tanks Measurement of Peroxidic Species in Ozonized Sunflower Oil Mitigation strategies for Salmonella, E. coli O157:H7, and Antimicrobial Resistance Throughout the Beef Production Chain Mold Removal in Grain Mold/Mildew Odors Municipal Water Treatment Mycotoxin Reduction in Grain Nanobubbles Odor Removal Oxidation of Methyl tert-Butyl Ether (MTBE) and Ethyl tert-Butyl Ether (ETBE) by Ozone and Combined Ozone/Hydrogen Peroxide Oxidize Tannins from Water with Ozone Oxy-Oils Ozonated Oils Ozonated Ice & Fish Storage Ozonated Mineral Oil: Preparation, Characterization and Evaluation of the Microbicidal Activity Ozonated Oils: Nature's Remedy for Soothing Bug Bites Ozonated Olive Oil Ozonated Olive Oil Enhances the Growth of Granulation Tissue in a Mouse Model of Pressure Ulcer Ozonated Olive Oil with a High Peroxide Value for Topical Applications: In-Vitro Cytotoxicity Analysis with L929 Cells Ozonation Degree of Vegetable Oils as the Factor of Their Anti-Inflammatory and Wound-Healing Effectiveness Ozonation of Soluble Organics in Aqueous Solutions Using Microbubbles Ozone Gas and Ozonized Sunflower Oil as Alternative Therapies against Pythium Insidiosum Isolated from Dogs Ozone Inactivation of E.Coli at Various O3 Concentrations and Times Ozone Regulations in Food Processing Ozone Regulations in Organic Food Production Ozone in Air Applications Ozone in Sanitation Ozone in Seafood Processing Ozone use for Post-Harvest Processing of Berries Ozone use for Surface Sanitation on Dairy Farms Pet Odors Physico-chemical Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of Ozonated Pomegranate Seeds Oil Pool & Spa Proinflammatory Event of Ozonized Olive Oil in Mice RES Case Studies Resolution Concerning the Use of Ozone in Food Processing Spectroscopic Characterization of Ozonated Sunflower Oil Stability Studies of Ozonized Sunflower Oil and Enriched Cosmetics with a Dedicated Peroxide Value Determination Study of Ozonated Olive Oil: Monitoring of the Ozone Absorption and Analysis of the Obtained Functional Groups Study of Ozonated Sunflower Oil Using 1H NMR and Microbiological Analysis Surface Sanitation TBA Removal with ozone Teat Wash Tobacco Odors Toluene Treatment of Groundwater Contaminated with 1,4-Dioxane, Tetrahydrofuran, and Chlorinated Volatile Organic Compounds Using Advanced Oxidation Processes Treatment of groundwater contaminated with gasoline components by an ozone/UV process Ultra-Pure Water Utilization of Ozone for the Decontamination of Small Fruits Various Antimicrobial Agent of Ozonized Olive Oil Vertical Farming with Ozone Waste Water Treatment Water Re-use Water Treatment Water Treatment Well Water Treatment Xylene

History of Ozone use

Ozone application history

Brief Overview of Ozone History and Developments:

Early Discovery and Naming of Ozone

The story of ozone begins with a Dutch chemist, Martinus van Marum, who in the late 18th century, noted a peculiar smell produced by his electrification experiments. This scent, which he couldn't identify, was likely due to ozone formed from electrical discharges in the air.

 

However, it was Christian Friedrich Schönbein, a German-Swiss chemist, who is credited with the official discovery of ozone. In 1840, while experimenting at the University of Basel (not München), Schönbein recognized the same distinct odor from electrical sparks that Van Marum had noted. He named this gas "ozone," derived from the Greek word "ozein," meaning "to smell." Schönbein's work included not only the identification of ozone but also initial explorations into its chemical properties and reactions with organic materials.

 

Development of Ozone Technology

Following Schönbein's discovery, interest in ozone grew. By the late 19th century, ozone's potent oxidative properties made it a candidate for water purification. The first industrial-scale ozone generator was developed in Berlin by Werner von Siemens, known for his electrical engineering innovations. This generator was pivotal for early studies on ozone's disinfection mechanisms.

 

In 1886, Marius Paul Otto (erroneously referred to as a French chemist; he was actually German) founded 'Compagnie des Eaux et de l’Ozone' in France, marking the beginning of commercial ozone applications. His contributions were significant, including his doctoral thesis at the University of Paris on ozone.
 

 

Early Applications and Expansion

The first technical-scale application of ozone for water treatment occurred in Oudshoorn, Netherlands, in 1893. This installation piqued the interest of French scientists, leading to the implementation of ozone technology in Nice, France, in 1906, which was foundational for ozone's role in water treatment. Nice is often hailed as the birthplace of ozone use in drinking water due to its continuous application since then.

 

Pre-World War I saw an expansion in ozone installations across Europe, with France leading with 26 installations by 1916. However, the war years shifted focus towards chlorine, which was easier to manage and produced fewer operational issues than ozone, leading to a temporary decline in ozone's use.

 

Post-War Recovery and Modern Applications

After World War II, ozone technology saw a resurgence. By 1940, there were 119 ozone installations globally, which grew significantly by 1977 to over 1043, with France again at the forefront. The preference for chlorine continued until the 1970s when the discovery of trihalomethanes (THMs) as byproducts of chlorination raised health concerns, prompting a renewed interest in ozone.

 

Ozone's Modern Role in Water Treatment

The increasing detection of organic micropollutants, which ozone can effectively oxidize, further boosted its application. Ozone's ability to deactivate resistant microorganisms like Cryptosporidium has also been critical. Technological advancements have addressed many of ozone's management challenges, enhancing its efficiency and cost-effectiveness.

 

Recent Developments

Today, the use of ozone in industrial applications has expanded outside of traditional drinking water and wastewater applications.  Some of the recent developments include:
 

Laundry Applications

Ozone in laundry sanitation has gained popularity in recent years for its ability to disinfect and bleach at lower temperatures, significantly reducing energy consumption. This method not only enhances the cleanliness and sanitation of laundry but also lowers the environmental footprint by reducing the need for traditional chemicals and hot water. 

Food Processing

Ozone's use in food processing was bolstered by FDA approval in 2001, allowing its direct contact with foods as an antimicrobial agent. This approval has led to its widespread use for washing fruits, vegetables, and meat, extending shelf life, and reducing microbial contamination. Ozone's effectiveness against a broad spectrum of pathogens, without leaving residues, makes it a preferred choice for industries aiming for clean label products.

Bottled Water

The FDA's recognition of ozone as GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe) for bottled water in 1982 marked a significant milestone. This approval facilitated ozone's application in the bottled water industry for disinfection, removing the need for chemical disinfectants that could alter taste or leave residuals.

Swimming Pools

Ozone treatment in swimming pools offers several advantages over traditional chlorine, including the reduction of chloramines (which cause eye and skin irritation), elimination of the need for other strong chemicals, and an improvement in water clarity and odor. While not replacing chlorine entirely, ozone systems often work in conjunction with reduced chlorine doses, enhancing overall water quality.

Water Re-Use

In water re-use applications, ozone plays a critical role in treating wastewater for non-potable uses like irrigation or industrial processes. Its potent oxidation capabilities break down organic compounds, remove color, and reduce odors, making wastewater suitable for re-use with minimal environmental impact.

Aquaculture

Ozone in aquaculture helps manage water quality by controlling pathogens, reducing organic load, and enhancing water clarity, which is crucial for fish health and growth. Its application has been pivotal in reducing disease outbreaks, improving feed conversion rates, and allowing for higher stocking densities.

Additional Applications:

- Healthcare: Ozone has been explored for wound healing, treating skin conditions, and as a sterilization method in hospitals, reducing reliance on chemical disinfectants.
- Agriculture: Beyond food processing, ozone is used for soil remediation, fumigation, and as an alternative to chemical pesticides, promoting organic farming practices.
- Industrial Applications: Ozone's powerful oxidation properties make it valuable in industries requiring water treatment, such as in pharmaceuticals, where purity is paramount.

 

Conclusion

From its accidental discovery by Van Marum to its pivotal role in modern water treatment, ozone's journey reflects both scientific curiosity and practical application. Applications for ozone continue to be explored, refined, improvised, and discovered.  Should you have questions on an existing, or new application of ozone, let us know.  We love ozone and are glad to help!

 

 

More great reading on the history of ozone - The History of Ozone - The Schonbein Period, 1839-1868