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Ozone Applications

1,4-Dioxane removal with ozone A New Formulation Based on Ozonated Sunflower Seed Oil: In Vitro Antibacterial and Safety Evaluation AOP Agri-Food Processing Air Treatment Antibacterial Activity of Ozonized Sunflower Oil, Oleozón, Against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Antifungal Activity of Olive Oil and Ozonated Olive Oil Against Candida Spp. and Saprochaete Spp. Aquaculture BTEX Remediation under Challenging Site Conditions Using In-Situ Ozone Injection and Soil Vapor Extraction Technologies: A Case Study BTEX removal with ozone Beef (Red Meat) Processing with Ozone Benzene Body Odors Bottled Water Cannabis Catalytic Ozonation of Gasoline Compounds in Model and Natural Water in the Presence of Perfluorinated Alumina Bonded Phases Clean in Place (CIP) Combined Ozone and Ultrasound for the Removal of 1,4-Dioxane from Drinking Water Cooling Tower Cost Effectiveness of Ozonation and AOPs for Aromatic Compound Removal from Water: A Preliminary Study Create your own Ozonated Oils Dairy Farms Degradation of tert-Butyl Alcohol in Dilute Aqueous Solution by an O3/UV Process Drinking Water Drinking Water Disinfection E.coli O157:H7 Reduction with Ozone Effectiveness of Ozone for Inactivation of Escherichia coli and Bacillus Cereus in Pistachios Efficiency of Ozonation and AOP for Methyl-tert-Butylether (MTBE) Removal in Waterworks Ethylbenzene Evaluation of Ozone AOP for Degradation of 1,4-Dioxane Exploring the Potential of Ozonated Oils in Dental Care Exploring the Potential of Ozonated Oils in Hair Care Fire Restoration Food Odors Force Main Treatment Germicidal Properties of Ozonated Sunflower Oil Grain Treatment Groundwater Remediation Hoof Bath Hydroponic Greenhouses In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Ozonated Sunflower Oil against Antibiotic-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis Isolated from Endodontic Infection Influence of Storage Temperature on the Composition and the Antibacterial Activity of Ozonized Sunflower Oil Insect Control in Grains Kinetic Analysis of Ozonation Degree Effect on the Physicochemical Properties of Ozonated Vegetable Oils Laundry Laundry Listeria Inactivation with Ozone MTBE removal with ozone Machine Coolant Tanks Measurement of Peroxidic Species in Ozonized Sunflower Oil Mitigation strategies for Salmonella, E. coli O157:H7, and Antimicrobial Resistance Throughout the Beef Production Chain Mold Removal in Grain Mold/Mildew Odors Municipal Water Treatment Mycotoxin Reduction in Grain Nanobubbles Odor Removal Oxidation of Methyl tert-Butyl Ether (MTBE) and Ethyl tert-Butyl Ether (ETBE) by Ozone and Combined Ozone/Hydrogen Peroxide Oxidize Tannins from Water with Ozone Oxy-Oils Ozonated Oils Ozonated Ice & Fish Storage Ozonated Mineral Oil: Preparation, Characterization and Evaluation of the Microbicidal Activity Ozonated Oils: Nature's Remedy for Soothing Bug Bites Ozonated Olive Oil Ozonated Olive Oil Enhances the Growth of Granulation Tissue in a Mouse Model of Pressure Ulcer Ozonated Olive Oil with a High Peroxide Value for Topical Applications: In-Vitro Cytotoxicity Analysis with L929 Cells Ozonation Degree of Vegetable Oils as the Factor of Their Anti-Inflammatory and Wound-Healing Effectiveness Ozonation of Soluble Organics in Aqueous Solutions Using Microbubbles Ozone Gas and Ozonized Sunflower Oil as Alternative Therapies against Pythium Insidiosum Isolated from Dogs Ozone Inactivation of E.Coli at Various O3 Concentrations and Times Ozone Regulations in Food Processing Ozone Regulations in Organic Food Production Ozone in Air Applications Ozone in Sanitation Ozone in Seafood Processing Ozone use for Post-Harvest Processing of Berries Ozone use for Surface Sanitation on Dairy Farms Pet Odors Physico-chemical Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of Ozonated Pomegranate Seeds Oil Pool & Spa Proinflammatory Event of Ozonized Olive Oil in Mice RES Case Studies Resolution Concerning the Use of Ozone in Food Processing Spectroscopic Characterization of Ozonated Sunflower Oil Stability Studies of Ozonized Sunflower Oil and Enriched Cosmetics with a Dedicated Peroxide Value Determination Study of Ozonated Olive Oil: Monitoring of the Ozone Absorption and Analysis of the Obtained Functional Groups Study of Ozonated Sunflower Oil Using 1H NMR and Microbiological Analysis Surface Sanitation TBA Removal with ozone Teat Wash Tobacco Odors Toluene Treatment of Groundwater Contaminated with 1,4-Dioxane, Tetrahydrofuran, and Chlorinated Volatile Organic Compounds Using Advanced Oxidation Processes Treatment of groundwater contaminated with gasoline components by an ozone/UV process Ultra-Pure Water Utilization of Ozone for the Decontamination of Small Fruits Various Antimicrobial Agent of Ozonized Olive Oil Vertical Farming with Ozone Waste Water Treatment Water Re-use Water Treatment Water Treatment Well Water Treatment Xylene

How Oxygen Concentrators Work

How an Oxygen Concentrator “Makes” Oxygen

An oxygen concentrator provides 95% oxygen by removing the nitrogen and water vapor from air. It removes the nitrogen and water vapor by passing the air through molecular sieve. This molecular sieve, also called zeolite, is modeled below with the shape that looks and acts something like a sponge. The molecular structure of the surface is “sticky” to water vapor and nitrogen molecules. Like a sponge, the surface area is multiplied by the cavities that permeate the material.

 

Water vapor is highly attracted to molecular sieve and is the first to be adsorbed into the crystalline structure. Water vapor forms a tight bond that de-activates the molecular sieve and releases heat energy. This water can only be removed with a special heat treatment.


Nitrogen is adsorbed into the molecular sieve only under pressure. It will only bind to molecular sieve that has no water vapor already adsorbed.


Once adsorbed, the gas molecules become part of the solid structure of the zeolite and therefore take up much less volume than they did as a gas.

 

Activated molecular sieve material is placed in a sealed cylinder called the “sieve bed.” Air is pushed into a port at one end of the sieve bed with an air compressor.

As air is pushed into the sieve bed, the molecular sieve begins to adsorb first the water vapor.

 

As pressure builds, nitrogen will be adsorbed into the molecular sieve and oxygen continues to the opposite end through an exit port into a storage tank.

 

As the air flows through the pressurized molecular sieve, it reaches a point of complete saturation and can hold no more nitrogen.

When the air inlet end of the cylinder is opened to atmosphere, the drop in pressure within the cylinder allows the nitrogen to release from the molecular sieve and rush out, carrying some of the water vapor with it (purge cycle). A layer of de-activated sieve remains at the air inlet. This “water zone” will continue to serve as a desiccant that adsorbs water under pressure, but no longer will adsorb nitrogen.

Using two sieve beds together enables the compressor to continue filling one sieve bed and collect oxygen while the other sieve bed is discharging the nitrogen and water vapor. A total of seven valves are used to control the flow of gas:

- 2 feed valves - air inlet valves
- 2 waste valves – nitrogen and water vapor outlet valves
- 2 check valves – prevent oxygen from flowing from the O2 storage back to the sieve
- 1 Equalization “EQ” valve – allows flow of gas from the pressurized sieved bed to the purged sieve bed during a brief interval between cycles.

The EQ valve is activated for a short time after the exhaust/waste valve closes and before the feed valve opens. The purpose is to build some pressure with oxygen before the feed valve opens so that the nitrogen will be adsorbed instead of passing completely through the sieve bed. Without pressure, the nitrogen is not adsorbed.

When the EQ valve closes again, the exhaust valve of the saturated sieve bed opens, and the feed valve of the purged sieve bed opens.

 

 

Oxygen collected in the receiver tank can be released for use only as fast as it is collected. If the flow of oxygen from the receiver tank exceeds the capacity of the sieve bed, nitrogen will flow into the oxygen receiver tank and reduce the oxygen purity, and excess water vapor will compromise the molecular sieve.