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Ozone Applications

Aircraft Water Disinfection AOP Agri-Food Processing Air Treatment Ammonia Removal From Water Aquaculture Aquatic Life Support Systems Beef (Red Meat) Processing with Ozone Biological Oxygen Demand Bottled Water Cannabis Car Wash Water Reclaim Systems Case Studies Case Studies: Force Main Treatment Case Study: Enhancing Fish Processing with Ozone Technology in Georgetown, Guyana Case Study: Ozone Water Disinfection System for Major U.S. Airline Case Study: Spice Warehouse Ozone Installation Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Removal with Ozone Clean In Place (CIP) Concrete Cooling Tower Cyanobacteria and Toxin Removal with Ozone Dairy Farms Drinking Water E.coli O157:H7 Reduction with Ozone Flour Milling Force Main Treatment Grain Treatment Groundwater Remediation Hydroponic Greenhouses Lake Remediation Laundry Listeria Inactivation with Ozone Machine Coolant Tanks Municipal Water Treatment NOx removal with Ozone Nanobubbles Odor Control with Ozone Odor Removal Oxidize Tannins from Water with Ozone Ozonated Ice & Fish Storage Ozone Applications in Mining Industry Ozone Regulations in Food Processing Ozone Regulations in Organic Food Production Ozone for Mold Elimination Ozone in Air Applications Ozone in Seafood Processing Ozone use for Post-Harvest Processing of Berries Ozone use in Wet Scrubbers Ozone-Biofiltration Plastic Adhesion Pool & Spa Pork Processing with Ozone Resolution Concerning the Use of Ozone in Food Processing Shellfish Depuration Surface Sanitation Ultra-Pure Water Vertical Farming with Ozone Waste Water Treatment Water Re-use Water Treatment Well Water Treatment

Oxidation

Oxidation is a chemical reaction in which electrons are LOST by atoms, ions or molecules. Reduction is the GAIN of electrons. Regardless of the name similarity, oxidation reactions need not actually involve oxygen atoms or molecules.

Oxidation, for non-chemists and those who have forgotten high school chemistry, is commonly just burning or rusting. If done instantaneously, it is an explosion. If done rapidly, it is burning. If done slowly, it is corrosion. When acting at a molecular level, it is just plain oxidation or part of the oxidation-reduction process. It can occur in gaseous or solid states as well as in liquids.

 

Oxidation Potential of Ozone:

Species

 Formula Oxidation Potential, (eV)  Author Notes
Fluorine F 3.06  explosive in water
Hydroxyl Radical OH- 2.80  - very short half life (nano-seconds)
 - can be created using ozone, hydrogen peroxide & UV light
Nascent Oxygen O- 2.42  - rapidly combines with itself to form O2, or combines with an O2 molecule to form O3
 - can be created via corona discharge & UV ozone generation
Ozone O3 2.07  - excellent oxidizer in water or air
 - reverts back to oxygen
 - ideal for chemical synthesis & ozonolysis reactions
Hydrogen Peroxide H2O2 1.77  liquid application only
Hypochlorous Acid HOCl 1.49  - primary ingredient in toilet bowl cleaners
 - can give off toxic chlorine gas
Chlorine Cl2 1.36  - very toxic & poisonous
 - disagreeable odor
Hypobromous Acid HOBr 1.33  - considered a weak acid
 - unstable
Chlorine Dioxide ClO2 0.95  - used primarily for bleaching pulp wood

  

Oxidation Potential otherwise referred to as redox potential, is the measurement of the tendency of a chemical species to acquire electrons, and be reduced.  Oxidation Potential is measured as a voltage.  Greater oxidation potential indicates a greater tendency to be reduced, and thereby create an electron exchange with other chemical species. 

Ozone has one of the highest oxidation potentials, lower only than fluorine atom, oxygen atom, and hydroxyl radical.  Some of the reactions of ozone create the oxygen atom and hydroxyl radical to create an even higher oxidation potential than ozone alone.

Because of the high oxidation potential, the oxygen molecule has a high capacity to react with many compounds not easily oxidized by other chemicals.  This potential is especially important reactions with some inorganic species such as FE+2  and I-.  However, in many cases, there is no explicit electron transfer, but rather an oxygen transfer from the ozone molecule to the other compound. 

 

Example of ion exchange oxidation of ozone and iron:

       Fe+2 + O3 = FE+3 + O3-

 

Example of oxygen atom exchange oxidation of ozone and iron:

       2Fe2+ + O3 + H2 O → 2Fe3+ + O2 + 2OH-

 

Both reactions can occur with organic and inorganic compounds.  This is just one simple example of ozone oxidation reactions.

 

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